How are Wealth and Physical Health Linked Assignment

How are Wealth and Physical Health Linked - Assignment Example It is obvious from the conversation that the created countries have shown up at another phase in their social insurance arrangements. This stage is characterized by the arrangement of probably the most mind boggling clinical strategies and administrations to an area of their populace (Pakenham 2004, p. 42). A large portion of these methodology are required for maladies that are the consequence of defective ways of life. It's a given that these systems will in general be expensive and assets concentrated. Subsequently, the wellbeing financial plans of the greater part of the created nations like the UK and the USA run in billions of dollars (Pakenham 2004, p. 43). The created nations are thinking that its exceptionally hard to deal with this money related part of human services. So they are quick diminishing the degree and scope of administrations that they give their populaces (Pakenham 2004, p. 42). In difference, in creating nations, a great many individuals bite the dust each ti me of infections that are either preventable or can be effortlessly relieved (Pakenham 2004, p. 46). The created countries had the option to prevail upon these illnesses by concentrating on the rudiments like clean drinking water and sanitation (Pakenham 2004, p. 46). In any case, the creating countries in Asia and Africa come up short on the budgetary assets to give clean drinking water and sanitation to huge segments of their populaces (Pakenham 2004, p. 48). The created countries can get over the asset crunch they are looking by moving from emergency the executives towards a preventive methodology towards medicinal services (Pakenham 2004, p. 43). The creating countries can likewise profit by concentrating on giving essential social insurance administrations to their masses. Many creating nations like Cuba and Nigeria have just accomplished noteworthy outcomes by concentrating on essential social insurance (Pakenham 2004, p. 47). However, giving essential human services and run ning the related projects requires numerous resources.â

Office Development Activity in New York City Essay

Office Development Activity in New York City - Essay Example The structure costs themselves have eased back down after the much discussed land bubble (Tom Acitelli, Sep 2006). Be that as it may, the expense of the properties has gone for a turn and has ascended to levels well past one hundred and 40% of the GDP. In this paper, we will examine the development of the land business explicitly the business properties and the manner in which they have been rising (and falling, assuming any) before we proceed to investigate the present days. In this manner an investigation of the present scene would tell us the future patterns. There will likewise be a short examination of the status of the rental of workplaces and the vacillations in the rental pricings explicitly in the New York district. At last, a short examination between the rental and the possession market of the land will be taken up to check which would be the best choice for an office to go in the present situation. All these will be introduced in here for investigation and study. So as to follow the ascent and fall of a market, it is consistently valuable to screen the change that is going on in the market throughout the previous ten years in any event. ... Figure 1: The financial exchange bubble (website) and the Real Estate Assets from left to right. The most recent ten years have seen the adjustment in the cost of land stock consistently speeding up after the website crash. This was a venture alternative that individuals have taken to after the accident not realizing where to place their cash in. Increasingly over it is likewise observed that the land, dissimilar to website where the vast majority of the financial specialists were examiners, here a large portion of the individuals are speculators forever time. Numerous things went in accordance with the speculation. Financing costs were alluring and it worked out less expensive to purchase a house instead of to rent it out. Monetary Status The monetary status of the nation and of its kin additionally assumes an imperative job in the land rental and cost. Ordinary lists that are thought about or observed for this object are contract rates, Consumer Price Index, work creation, efficiency, government deficiency and purchaser certainty separated from finance and other social contemplations. Likewise GDP is additionally a marker of the change in monetary status and the cost of the land or the rental of the land. (Mill operator Samuel, 2006) Figure 2: GDP and Manhattan Median Sales Price The green on the diagram is the US Gross Domestic Product while the Red is the Manhattan Median Real Estate costs year on year development rate set apart on a quarterly premise. This plainly shows the value variety in the market has been legitimately connected to the GDP varieties over the most recent 10 years. Variety in the GDP has represented a comparative change in the Manhattan costs. There may have been shorter and littler varieties on occasion, yet overall, it has been

Love after Love and This Room Essays

Love after Love and This Room Essays Love after Love and This Room Essay Love after Love and This Room Essay Love after adoration is a sonnet composed by Derek Walcott it is tied in with finding your self and its revealing to you how to proceed onward, it takes a gander at the past and mirrors all the great and terrible things that had happened at that point. It instructs you to be glad simply the manner in which you are. It additionally says that dismal love after undertaking can limit us, making us disregard ourselves however idealistic message that we will lose this and be upbeat again.This room is a sonnet composed by Imitaz Dharker, which has a comparative thought of losing you limitations and imperatives yet increasingly, emblematic, indicating that limitations could be anything. It is about the excessive delight of life.Both sonnets are hopeful about happiness.The sonnets have distinctive confidence, in many loves it says You will welcome yourself showing up and will grin demonstrating that joy will return. Additionally in the content it says The more odd who has adored all of you yo ur life it is a mollusk message we ought to find and value ourselves, it is a soothing guarantee of lasting adoration. It additionally says will grin at the others welcome inferring that they are glad to see one another and they will say no words on the grounds that there outward appearances will show it all.In this room it says Breaking out as pots and container fly by the roof fan. This is suggesting that it is an energizing, enthusiastic sonnet, more bubbly than other, practically like an animation with its insane thoughts. It additionally says when the far-fetched shows up this is a significant line since she is communicating the need to break out of requirements, to savor the unforeseen and live completely. At the point when it says Im pondering where Ive left my feet This infers they are completely befuddled and ignorant of what is happening.The sonnets have diverse structure and structure, Love after affection has a free refrain to coordinate the thoughts of the sonnet since it is about the opportunity to act naturally. The structure between the primary stanza and last refrain are altogether different it begins with the opportunity will come, which means it is close to the beginning. In the last section it says the photos recommending the past, what has occurred and taking a gander at it.In this Room the sonnet is likewise free refrain like the other, it suits the message of pushing off limitations. The sonnet oftentimes utilizes enjambment it says breaking splitting this is the present ceaseless indicating that it is going on now and will occur in the close future.The language in the two sonnets is unique, in many loves the assortment of tenses in the sonnet catches some of life;s stages. There is simply the past when you disregarded however the future for the certaincy of how you will grin The sonnet has some redundancy in it, it rehashes the word you proposing that the sonnet is guiding you, it is in the goal. The sonnet likewise utilizes monosyllabl es like Sit, here and eat this shows the sonnet is extremely straightforward and straightforward. The sonnet additionally utilizes strict affiliations it says Give wine, give bread this alludes to Jesus Last Supper, which proposes that the sonnet is extremely extraordinary like Jesus.In this Room the current state Is utilized all through the sonnet so it catches the activity of this movement it says This room is breaking out, the bed is lifting and Chairs are rising. The sonnet utilizes similar sounding word usage it says Celebration, bang this makes strain and makes the sonnet sound additionally energizing.

Airport Security Essay

Each upstanding person who lays a foot onto the air terminal floor needs to stay safe. Thus, that overwhelming day of September 11, 2001 ingrained the dread of flying in numerous Americans. This gave our country the need to reconsider air terminal checkpoints so as to make sure about the security of the individuals of our nation from the individuals who are not thoughtful to our American ways. Some find that the measures the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has taken in the ongoing years are out of line and an infringement of numerous rights that we have by living in our free nation. The explanation that a portion of these rights have been removed is just advantageous to the insurance of our country. I recommend that so as to give travelers a superior encounter, the best in class innovations, for example, Thermal Lie Detection and â€Å"all in one screening† should be executed when they become accessible. With these new strategies, travelers will turn out to be all the more comprehension of the wellbeing the administration is giving as opposed to survey it as an infringement of protection. The sole reason for this composing is to convince and illuminate the general public on the need regarding the security gear, in spite of the problem, and to instruct those about the rising turns of events. Directly, cutting edge x-beam machines, metal finders, body scanners, and pat downs are the techniques actualized so as to significantly diminish the chance of anything disastrous occurring inside the air terminals or on board the airplane. I have by and by needed to participate in this irksome procedure, and I’m must arrangement with the inconvenience all the more regularly after I graduate as a Hospitality Management major. The irritation of the present procedure isn't just awkward to me yet particularly to long standing customers, regardless it remains very essential. The point of my all-inclusive contention looks at the potential changes inside air terminals so they can additionally secure us, the individuals, and lead to an increasingly palatable customer base. My suggestion will for the most part be coordinated towards my ENC1102 educator and my individual colleagues, just as other basic explorers, teachers, grown-ups, and our up and coming age. After broad research for my investigation of the two sides of the contention, I have discovered numerous reasons with respect to why we should participate in the extended procedures of air terminal registration, in any case, I predict increasingly powerful, easier, less abusing new frameworks that are as of now birthing. An aircraft authorities uncovers that â€Å"prior to 9/11, a normal of 350 individuals would regularly experience a checkpoint in 60 minutes. Presently the number is down to around 150 out of one hour† (Jim Barnett). This foundation information demonstrates how apparent of a change that should be ingrained in the TSA’s strategies. The best in class innovation not too far off is warm falsehood location which can recognize distinctive facial temperatures towards the individuals who appear to be dubious. Another improvement is the â€Å"all in one† screening, a progression of locators outfitted with eye-scanners, x-beam machines, metal and fluid identifiers, which will without a doubt accelerate the procedure. These developments will additionally be clarified in detail in my up and coming expanded compositions. My further works will begin with clarifying the discussion over air terminal security and its advantages and hindrances. To start with, there will be brief outline of the whole subject and a clarification concerning why individuals are rankled by this subject. At that point, I will lead into further examination on the subject and really expound on the two distinct advances that will better assistance our air terminals. I will utilize investigate articles and portrayals of the item to all the more likely illuminate my peruser. At long last, I will convince perusers that with less trading off frameworks explorers will before long turn understanding and be grateful towards the authorities attempting to protect them. This carries me to the finish of this arrangement prompting a superior adjusted progressively fulfilled shopper base. This paper hampers a full comprehension of why a level of the populace feel like their social equality are being stripped away. In the past I would have concurred with them, yet our reality is a perilous, terrifying spot, and all residents must face the plate and comprehend the activities taken by our administration, similar to our folks, they do whatever they should do to secure us, their kids. This demonstration really guarantees us our opportunity, to cross visitors openly with bit of brain; it certainly doesn’t remove our opportunity or remove our social liberties. One must get over their lofty self esteem and face reality. In the event that we can actualize this innovation to make our handling time through the air terminal, progressively advantageous, less annoying, less tedious, and less corrupting, most people won't feel so damaged any longer. In the long run the procedure will be so oversimplified and basic that the negative emotions towards the TSA and our administration will vanish and voyagers will before long acknowledge that the breadth of security and go to the acknowledgment that it’s just to their benefit. With these safety efforts just not too far off, we will no longer feel bargained and along these lines become increasingly agreeable and acclimated with the measures that need to be taken in today’s world to keep living in the place that is known for the free. The objective is to move in the direction of a more secure tomorrow for us and ages to come at this point despite everything keeping up the trustworthiness given to us by our progenitors. Works Cited â€Å"American Civil Liberties Union. † American Civil Liberties Union. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 July 2013. Bajoria, Jayshree. â€Å"The Debate Over Airport Security. † Council on Foreign Relations. Chamber †¦.. on Foreign Relations, 28 Dec. 2010. Web. 16 July 2013. â€Å"BalancedPolitics. organization. † †Civil Liberties/Patriot Act in Wartime (Pros and Cons, Arguments For †¦.. furthermore, Against, Advantages and Disadvantages). N. p. , n. d. Web. 11 July 2013. Barnett, Jim. â€Å"A Speedier Trip through Airport Security Could Come inside a Decade. â€Å"CNN. †¦.. Link News Network, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 22 July 2013. â€Å"Flying With Fish The Blog for Those Who Fly and Those Who Want to Fly Smarter. â€Å"Flying With †¦.. Fish RSS. N. p. , n. d. Web. 22 July 2013. PBS. Radical Changes in Airport Security After 9/11 Stir Controversy. PBS, n. d. Web. 11 July †¦.. 2013 Shachtman, Noah. â€Å"Passenger Screening Policies Violate Privacy and Do Not Ensure †¦.. Security. † US Airport Security. Ed. Margaret Haerens and Lynn M. Zott. Detroit: †¦.. Greenhaven Press, 2013. Restricting Viewpoints. Rpt. from â€Å"Has Airport Security Gone Too †¦.. Far? † Wall Street Journal 17 Nov. 2010. Contradicting Viewpoints In Context. Web. 10 July †¦.. 2013. â€Å"The Patriot Act: Security Tool or Big Brother 2011. † Berkeley Political Review. N. p. , n. d. Web. †¦.. 14 July 2013. â€Å"The Usa Patriot Act, a Controversial Public Policy, Julius Taka. † †Term Papers. N. p. , n. d. †¦.. Web. 16 July 2013. Webster, George. â€Å"The Future of Airport Security: Thermal Lie-locators and Cloned Sniffer †¦.. Canines. † CNN. Link News Network, 25 Nov. 2011. Web. 22 July 2013 â€Å"Where Do You Stand on the Usa Patriot Act? † †Essay. N. p. , n. d. Web. 16 July 2013.

Virtual Reality in Todays Society

Computer generated Reality in Todays Society Augmented reality is a PC produced reenactment of this present reality. This recreation isn't static, rather it reacts to the user’s input, regardless of whether vocal or material, continuously. So as to accomplish this intuitiveness, the PC should continually screen the user’s developments or verbal orders and respond momentarily so as to change the engineered world experienced by the client and in light of that person. [1] By utilizing the entirety of a human’s tangible involvement with along these lines, augmented reality takes the nature of intuitiveness accomplished, state in a PC game, one phase further. Clients of computer generated reality can see and move objects, they can likewise contact and feel them. [2] This exposition investigates the advancement of computer generated realities and the numerous employments of augmented reality in the public eye today, just as thinking about its moral ramifications. Burdea, and Coiffet remark that the historical backdrop of computer generated reality goes back over forty years. The Sensorama Simulator computer generated reality video arcade game was created by Martin Heilig in 1962. This game had the ability to reenact a bike ride through a city, utilizing 3-D impacts, seat vibrations, suitable scents, sounds and wind impacts utilizing fans. [3] Head-mounted showcases were presented in 1966 by Ivan Sutherland, yet were substantial and awkward. In 1985, Michael McGreevey of NASA built up a less expensive and lighter form of the head protector, fitted with smaller than usual showcase screens and sensors to follow development. The tactile glove had been planned in the mid 1980s, yet it was in 1986 that Jaron Lanier structured another glove to fit in with the head protector to make a full computer generated experience. [4] Advancements kept on being made in designs and afterward in 1993 computer generated experience turned into the subject for a sig nificant meeting of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in Seattle, clarifying that augmented simulation had entered the standard academic network. [5] Since the finish of the 1980s, new interfaces impart three-dimensional pictures utilizing the head-mounted showcase (HMD), utilizing camcorders to follow the picture of the client in a virtual reality where he can control objects. All the more as of late there has been an improvement called (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment), where the client is encased in a six sided condition encompassed by projection screens which they see wearing light stereoglasses, giving the impression of 3-D. [6] The interesting impression is one of one of inundating oneself in the picture space, moving and communicating there in â€Å"real time†, and interceding creatively’. [7] However, Burdea and Coiffet bring up that with the quick headways in innovation, ‘virtual reality today is done for the most part without head-mounted presentations, by utilizing enormous projection screens or work area PCs’, and detecting gloves are currently normally supplanted with joysticks. [8] The universe of PC games has become a significant zone of significance for computer generated reality, where the feeling of inundation is significant for gaming fervor. This making of intuitive virtual universes has utilized excellent, clearing true to life successions and different methods utilized in customary film, for example, ‘the expressive utilization of camera edges and profundity of field, and sensational lighting of 3-D PC produced sets to make disposition and atmosphere’. [9] Actors could be utilized, superimposed more than 3-D foundations, or as the games turned out to be further developed, engineered characters were made moving continuously. [10] This implies the space wherein the characters move would now be able to change after some time, rendering a similar space diverse when visited sometime in the not too distant future during the game. These progressions empowered PC originators to coordinate the player all the more profoundly into the gaming scene art istically and to make a feeling of visual reality. The drenching experienced when playing a PC game is made a substantially more aggregate and extraordinary experience when the player turns into a piece of the game, that is, truly enters a virtual world. Augmented reality ‘provides the subject with the dream of being available in a recreated world.’ [11] This virtual world, not at all like the absolutely visual commitment of a PC game, considers real commitment with the manufactured world. Computer generated reality likewise permits the client to change components of this reproduced world: it gives an additional sentiment of control. Computer generated reality permits individuals to encounter components of existence with no physical duties, potential threats or general burdens of a genuine encounter. Lev Manovich remarks that virtual universes are some of the time set forward as the consistent replacements of film, that they are ‘the key social type of the twenty-first century similarly as film was the key social type of the twentieth century’. [12] Indeed, Grau and Custance contrast computer generated reality and movie, saying: ‘virtual reality currently makes it conceivable to speak to space as reliant on the bearing of the observer’s look: the perspective is not, at this point static or progressively direct, as in the movie, yet hypothetically incorporates an interminable number of conceivable perspectives.’ [13] In fact, computer generated reality ‘utilises the equivalent framing’ as a film rectangular casing. This sort of edge just permits a fractional perspective on a more extensive space. The virtual camera, similarly as with a film screen, moves around comparable to the watcher so as to uncover various pieces of the shot. [14] This surrounding gadget is indispensable to the augmented simulation world in that it gives a little shot of a bigger world, along these lines giving an entirely abstract and absolutely close to home review understanding. While Manovich seeks film as a reason for virtual innovation, Grau and Custance look to craftsmanship. They contend that the possibility of computer generated reality ‘rests solidly on chronicled craftsmanship conventions, which have a place with a broken development of looking for illusionary picture spaces’. [15] Taking into account the absence of innovation further back ever, Grau and Custance accept that ‘the thought extends back at any rate similar to traditional vestige and is alive again today in the vivid representation systems of augmented reality art.’ [16] Indeed, for Grau and Custance, this essential thought of finding these ‘immersive spaces of illusion’ is strung through the historical backdrop of craftsmanship. Grau and Custance likewise bring up the absence of regular association with the world through the mechanical fantasy of intensity and control. They state, amusingly that ‘the followers of computer generated reality †¦ have frequently emphasized their case that submersion in augmented reality strengthens their relationship with nature’. [17] Indeed, an encounter so absolutely dependent on innovation and without anything normal can achieve this sentiment of association with nature because of its likeness of this present reality. Manovich too remarks on the illusive nature of any ‘natural’ contribution or control. He says that the client is just adjusting things that are now inside the PC, the information and memory of the virtual world. [18] The domain of computer generated reality is driven by the craving to locate an ideal diversion of this present reality, an ideal hallucination. The perfect interface is by all accounts one where the interface or PC itself is completely imperceptible, it looks to shut out the very methods for formation of the virtual world, causing the presence of the client in the virtual world to appear to be absolutely ‘natural’. [19] The experience implies that the client is completely secluded from the real world while simultaneously given this sentiment of all out ‘natural’ submersion in another world just as a feeling of supremacy. The client as a result turns into a sort of anecdotal character that they have themselves made, doing whatever they like, at whatever point they like, consistently with a feeling of everlasting status. There are moral issues identifying with the potential abatement in genuine physical association and ordinary human connections as individuals may possibly come to incline toward their virtual world to their reality. In reality, in computer generated reality, the physical world no longer exists by any means, as all ‘real’ activity happens in virtual space. [20] There is another moral concern, that of the chance of kids getting to unsatisfactory encounters in a virtual world, as oversight would be troublesome. This is like the issue of savagery and grown-up top ics in films and on the web being accessible to youngsters today. Augmented reality is a region of considerably more prominent concern, in any case, as youngsters will have the chance to make part in the move themselves. Another worry is that lawbreakers could rehearse their violations in a virtual world before acting as a general rule. There are numerous positive uses for computer generated reality today in zones, for example, medication, training, amusement and brain science. For instance, computer generated reality can give flight and driving reproduction, activity recreation, it can help with building plan or treatment of fears. These things can be polished sensibly without the dread of anything turning out badly with flying preparing, driving experience or medical procedure. Augmented reality can likewise conceivably be utilized in medication to assess a patient and analyze issues just as perhaps help in tasks. Debilitated individuals have the chance to participate in exercises not generally accessible to them. A designer can utilize the technique to design out a structure before beginning work developing it: utilizing augmented reality keeps away from the need to fabricate a few unique models. Somebody scared of bugs can meet one out of a virtual world under cautious programming to diminish affectability over some undefined time frame, surely, any fear could be dealt with utilizing this sort of computer generated reality introduction treatment. The field of training is a tremendous potential zone of utilization for computer generated reality; it can even be utilized to rehearse sport. There is another significant use for augmented reality that isn't connected t

Racial Segregation - Free Essay Example

Racial segregation is an issue that still exists in some parts of united states of united states of America for instance in Birmingham. Racial segregation is practice and habit of restricting or even prohibiting certain race of people to a given region or also separating institutions like churches, schools and hospitals as well as facilities like playgrounds, parks restrooms and restaurants from skin color pigment. The segregation of race gives certain race more economic advantage and superiority of social status more than the others. For instance in the USA the whites population are more dormant, and they ranked themselves very high than the African Americans. The opposition to racial segregation has led various black activists to be jailed since they organize nonviolent demonstrations. The paper critically analyses the document that was written by Martin Luther king Jr.at Birmingham jail. The document Letter from a Birmingham Jail (King, Jr.) was written by Martin Luther King, Jr. when he was jailed at Birmingham, and the letter was written on April 16th, 1963. State authorities arrested Martin Luther King, Jr. After organizing a nonviolent demonstration that was meant to eliminate the impunity that the Negro was experiencing from the whites. Luther together with other activists waited for a very long time for things to change in Birmingham by addressing the issue the issue of racial segregation that was predominant in the region. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the letter to his fellow clergymen to create more awareness on the subject of racial discrimination, and also he wanted to justify that what he did of organizing nonviolent demonstration was not something illegal since he was fighting for Negros rights and freedoms. The letter wrote by Martin Luther King Jr. is still exist in most of the American libraries since it marks the journey of Americans how they have evolved since the time in 1963 the racial segregation was an issue to today where such cases are rare. The document was created as a result of issue of racial discrimination and injustices that the Negros undergo on the hands of the white, and it was evidenced by the fact that African American children were not allowed to play in the playgrounds and park that were meant for white children, blacks have experienced unfair judgments in federal courts, as well as some of the Negros churches and homes, were bombed yet the cases remained unsolved. The letter clearly illustrates how life was in Birmingham in 1963, the life of Negros was not that much good sense, and their compatriots whites racially discriminated them. They were deprived of justice in courts as well they undergone a lot of humiliation in front of their masters Whites. For instance, they were not respected since the whites used to call some of them by referring their first name as Nigger second names as boy as well as black women were also not respected because there was no use of the word like Mrs. as supposed to be. Secondly, people lived based on racial segregation, certain areas were meant only for whites, and the Negros were prohibited in such areas. Other areas like schools, churches, and parks were also separated based on races. For instance, children of Negros were not allowed to play in parks instead they were referred to go to Fulton streets where blacks lived. The first thing that the Martin Luther King Jr. said to support its fight for freedom of Negros was that oppressed individuals could not remain oppressed forever. The statement is compelling and it a source that incited more Negros to rise and fight for their rights and freedom. It clearly shows that when an oppressor is tired of humiliations and injustices, the oppressed is going to react even if it is through breaking the laws to be heard. For instance, Martin together with other Negros after waiting for long for leaders and government to address the issue of unfair treatments and the parties failed, they took the matter into their own hands by organizing the demonstrations to be heard. The second statement that formed the basis of Luther actions was that freedom is not given voluntarily by oppressors; freedom must be demanded by the victimized. Therefore, when all peaceful ways of addressing the issues of injustices all failed, it was advisable for Negros to use force in their campaigns to be heard and their impact to be felt. However, the consequence of using force led to being arrested by police officers and charged for their misconducts, but the effect of the demonstration led to the awareness of the need to change. The third statement that formed the basis of the argument was that sometimes on the face of view law is just but unjust where it is applied. For instance, it is illegal to conduct any violent actions like demonstrations since the law prohibits, however, when demonstrations the only call to stop the unfairness, it would be unjust to charge those individuals who participated in the demonstration in advocating their rights. Nevertheless, the law will find them guilty since it is illegal to use violence in protests. The overall significance of the letter is that it informs us we have to remain bold and courageous in fighting the impunity that is existing in our society. Secondly, racial segregation always brings conflicts, and unless the community addresses the issue, there will be constant fights between races. Finally, sometimes is advisable to use force in fighting for justice especially when all the nonviolent techniques have failed. The documents have left a lot of question to be answered, the documents have not shown the reader whether the Martin together with his allies were given their freedom or not, secondly the document failed to answer the question who was the God of the Negros and lastly, the document was unable to explain how the letter reached the clergymen. The critical historical event that was taking place at this time was fighting for injustices that Negros experiences that were brought as results of racial segregation. Similarly, it marks the need for American society to emphasize on equality on both races. The document fits very well in the topic of America History and in the unit that takes about race and racial segregation. It compliments what I have learned in that it shows some of the racial segregations that African Americans underwent and the course of alarm to change the situation. In conclusion, racial segregation is something that in the past used to be a significant issue affecting American society, However, in todays society the problem still exist but at the lower level. In the past black communities were the most people who were affected by racial segregations and some who fought for their rights found themselves on the wrong side of the law. Therefore, for peaceful coexistence in our society, the issue of racial segregation must be addressed adequately. Bibliography King Jr, Martin Luther. Letter from Birmingham jail. UC Davis L. Rev. 26 (1992): 835. Lloyd, Vincent W. Love, Justice, and Natural Law: On Martin Luther King, Jr. and Human Rights. Human Rights from a Third World Perspective. Springs, Jason A. The Cultural Violence of Non-violence. Journal of Mediation Applied Conflict Analysis 3, no. 1 (2016): 382-396.

Essential Math Formulas For The ACT

Essential Math Formulas For The ACT by: Kristin Fracchia on February 09, 2016 | 0 Comments Comments 695 Views February 9, 2016Columbia Business School Ethan Baron photoThere is at least one way in which the ACT is not the friendlier alter ego of the SAT: It stubbornly refuses to hand over any freebie math formula knowledge (well, at least on the easier stuff). The SAT, by contrast, always includes a list of geometry formulas at the beginning of the math section, so if you completely blank on the ratios of the special right triangles, your test book has you covered. No such luck on the ACT. Although the ACT will help you out with more difficult geometry formulas and trig identities when required, for most of the questions you are on your own. And the last thing you want to do is waste precious minutes racking your brain for the formula of the area of a circle: is it 2Ï€r or Ï€r2? How about 2Ï€r2 (Answer: it’s Ï€r2). Here are the ACT math formulas you should co mmit to memory. And for a list that divides them into the â€Å"must know, good to know, and bonus knowledge† categories, check this out.   Algebra and StatisticsAverage (or Mean):   sum / number of things. (You might find it more helpful to think of it as sum = average Ãâ€" number of things, as the ACT will often give you the average and ask you to work backwards.)Probability:number of desired outcomes / number of total outcomesFundamental Counting Principle:a Ãâ€" b [ Ãâ€"   c   Ãƒâ€"   d†¦.] (If there are a ways for one activity to occur and b ways for a second activity to occur, then there are a Ãâ€" b ways for both to occur.)GeometryPerimeter of a rectangle:2l + 2w (Where l is the length and w is the width.)Area of a rectangle:lw (length Ãâ€" width)Volume of a rectangular solid (aka a box):lwh (length Ãâ€" width Ãâ€" height)Diagonal in a rectangular solid: l2 + w2 + h2 = d2   (length squared Ãâ€" width squared Ãâ€" height squared = diagonal squa red)Area of a triangle: ½ bh ( ½ Ãâ€" base Ãâ€" height)Pythagorean Theorem:a2 + b2 = c2 (first leg squared + second leg squared = hypotenuse squared)Area of a circle:Ï€r2 (Where r is the radius.)Circumference of a circle:2Ï€r (Where r is the radius.)Volume of a sphere: 4/3Ï€r3 (Where r is the radius.)Volume of a cylinder:Ï€r2h (Where r is the radius and h is the height.)Area of a trapezoid:(b1 + b2 / 2) Ãâ€" h (Add the bases, divide by two, and then multiply by the height.)Equation of a circle:(x h)2 + (y k)2 = r2 (Where [h,k] is the center of the circle.)Ratio of a 45-45-90 triangle:1:2:√3 Ratio of a 30-60-90 triangle:1:1:√2Coordinate GeometrySlope: (y2 y1)/(x2 x1)   (Where [x1 , y1]  and [x2 , y2]  are points on the line.)Slope-intercept form of a line:y = mx + b (Where m is the slope and b is the y-intercept.)Point-slope form of a line: y y1 = m(x x1) (Where (x1 , y1) is a point on the line.)TrigonometrySOHCAHTOA:sin x = opposite/hypotenus ecos x = adjacent/hypotenusetan x = opposite/adjacentPythagorean Identity:sin2x + cos2x = 1There are more formulas that will be helpful to you on the ACT, but these are the ones I suggest every student memorize because they come up often enough. And if you are studying for the new SAT (which includes some trig and more advanced math), they can be a lifesaver as well. Make some flashcards and tape them to your mirror, your forehead, your catwhatever you need to do to make sure they are in your face so you won’t forget them on the test! Kristin Fracchia is an SAT and ACT expert at Magoosh. With a PhD from UC Irvine and degrees in Education and English, she’s been working in education since 2004 and has helped students prepare for standardized tests, as well as college and graduate school admissions, since 2007.DONT MISS: NEW SAT vs. ACT: WHICH SHOULD YOU TAKE? Page 1 of 11

Unnecessary Tragedies The Salem Witch Trials - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1631 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/06/10 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Salem Witch Trials Essay Did you like this example? During the spring of 1692, a small village in Massachusetts forever changed the course of history. It was during this time when many young girls came forward, accusing a number of the local residents of witchcraft. The girls claimed that these people were being possessed by the devil, and were causing them to act in very strange ways. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Unnecessary Tragedies: The Salem Witch Trials" essay for you Create order These accusations found locals sentenced to prison, and or dead by ways of public execution. The Salem Witch Trials were a tragic event in history that should have never happened. These events occurred due to the puritans hierarchical belief system. Which made the accused more likely to be tried as a witch because the majority of them were women. Women during this period did not have the same rights as men, and were seen as objects rather than actual people. The atrocities committed during the Salem Witch Trials were made possible due to politics, puritans religion, hierarchical disorder, blackmail, and teen angst. The Salem Witch Trials was caused by a plethora of different reasons, one specific reason being politics; Or, maybe witchcraft accusations were more grounded in politics than in social tensions, gender bias, or religious belief. It was no coincidence that the outbreak in Salem occurred just as the effects of Englands Glorious Revolution of 1688 were filtering into the colonies (Cawthon 1). Politics were a major contributing factor during these times, as accusations were used to gain political power. Or in some cases to regain diminishing political power. Before the Salem Witch Trials it was known that Reverend Samuel Parris power amongst the community was diminishing. So Reverend Parris used the mass hysteria of the witch trials gain back power, as he forced his slave Tituba to admit to being a witch. A man who is on the verge of losing his high ranking status would do anything to stay in power. Such as making up a story about a woman who he doesnt care much for. Playing on t he Puritans belief in witches, knowing it would erupt in panic and chaos. His daughter was even one of the first accusers, so it isnt too far fetched to believe that he told his daughter to accuse Tituba, and start the Salem Witch Trials. The puritan religion shaped the argument for the Salem witch trials by their hierarchical beliefs. Accusing women as witches was the perfect ploy for a epidemic of mass hysteria as women had little to no rights. Making the accusations of these women being witches all the more believable due to the puritans beliefs. Some may even argue that the puritans were the main cause of the Salem witch trials due to their outlandish beliefs and core values. The Puritans were one of the leading causes to the Salem witch trials; To the Puritans though, belief in witchcraft was not based on superstition; it was based on simple fact. All the turmoil surrounding them, to the Puritan mind, was caused by the devil, in partnership with his earthly servants: witches. To them it was no surprise that the devil would test them by placing witches in their communities (House 1). The Puritan Legal Code was created in 1641, 51 years before the Salem Witch Trials had begun. The code essentially listed crimes based its severity, and witchcraft was a more severe crime then murder. So with this state of mind it is understandable why so many lost their lives during the trials. When the young girls behavior started, and there was no medical explanation for their actions, the Puritans blamed it on witchcraft. As the girls were examined by the villages only doctor, the wounds inflicted and the psychological stress had an undetermined cause. It is also worth noting that the doctor was speculated to be able to read but unable to write. So the examination of the girls was poor in its conclusion to say the least. After the unclear causes, it essentially opened up a flood gate of accusations during this period in time. With the puritans mindset focused solely on witchcraft being the only logical explanation, it did not take long for the spread of mass hysteria to begin. The Salem witch trials were practically inevitable in hindsight. The puritan belief in witchcraft being a more heinous crime than murder, even though witchcraft required no legitimate proof of whether the defendant was guilty or not. While murder, compared to witchcraft was more cut and dry. Not to mention above all crimes was idolatry, essentially banning any other form of religion or thinking other than the puritan belief. Thi s village of Salem was bound to suffer some form of tragedy, in this case it was the Salem witch trials. The puritans hierarchical view played an integral role in the formation of the Salem Witch Trials; Puritans had a hierarchical view of the world with women being subservient to men, especially in marriage. Many of the accused in Salem (71 of 124 witches whose inheritance patterns can be documented, or 57 percent) came from families with no male heirs. A woman with money and property represented an abnormality, and therefore, a threat to the established order (Scotti 1). These views are the exact reason why something like the salem witch trials occurred. The Puritan jealousy of wealthier women during this period was an ideal reason to peg many women as witches. Even though some men perished during the witch trials, the majority of the deaths/ imprisonments were women. The Puritans couldnt stand the idea that a woman could be more wealthy than that of a male Puritan. So they pressured young girls into accusing the women that obtained these riches from their families. That way e verything would go back to the way its supposed to be, with men ruling over women. The Salem witch trials was a form of social control propagated by the rich and prestigious white male to essentially keep women in their place. The oppression that women faced during this period of time and throughout history is unfathomable. This idea of sexism in the late 1600rs led to the unwarranted death of so many innocent women. Another reason that these horrific crimes occurred was blackmail; The Salem witch hunt began when several young girls were discovered telling fortunes with a crystal ball. To avoid punishment, the girls claimed that they had been tormented by witches. The attempt by authorities to locate the witches responsible for the girls suffering quickly accelerated (Queen 1). Blackmail coaxed the girls into these accusations, and it didnt take long for officials to abuse this lie for personal gain. In February of 1692, two young girls by the names of Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams accused three different women of witchcraft. The accused women were Tituba who was a slave of Reverend Parris, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne. Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne claimed to be innocent, but were ultimately found guilty. These women ended up dying as a result of the guilty verdict. As for Tituba, she admitted to being a witch and was quoted as saying during the trials; The devil came to me and bid me se rve him (Tituba 1). Titubas confession is key because she confessed to a crime she most likely did not commit. These women were accused only after they were pressured into doing so by John Hathorne and Jonathan Corwin. These two men were both civil officers or judges during the time of the Salem Witch Trials. So not only were the girls lying about the torment, they were pressured into accusing women who were likely suggested by a male puritan of a higher stature. Incidents such as this plagued this poor Salem village, causing the imprisonment and or death of many women. Teen angst was another vital aspect of the Salem Witch Trials; Still, a widening ring of girls, mostly between 12 and 19 years of age, became afflicted with the symptoms of bewitchment. Accusations and arrests in Salem surged throughout the spring (Conforti 1). The lack of activities for teenagers during this period of time was key in the surging accusations. One of the reasons why these accusations should have been further reviewed and closer looked at was that all the accusations were from children. It is baffling to believe that a town full of adults, some of who were very well educated, would blindly believed every single accusation made by these girls. George Burroughs was one of the few men who were accused of witchcraft, he was a graduate of Harvard. This graduate was accused of being the so called leader of the witches, commanding the other accused to hurt the children of Salem. Burroughs was publicly executed shortly after the accusation in court. When Burroughs was being publicly executed he recited the lords prayer without any mistakes. Witches were not supposed to be able to do that which shed doubt amongst the crowd that day in Salem. The evidence against Burroughs was undoubtedly insufficient as the stories shared in the court room that dreadful day grew more and more obscure. The story of the Salem Witch Trials is arguably one of the saddest displays of human intelligence throughout history. In 1692, Salem Massachusetts faced one of the most unnecessary tragedies in human history, the Salem Witch Trials. The trials claimed many victims as the majority of them were women, although a few men, such as George Burroughs, perished as well. The influx of accusations all stemmed from the initial two girls who came forward first, Abigail Williams and Elizabeth Parris. These two girls accused Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne of witchcraft, Tituba confessed, while Sarah Good and Osborne denied all accusations. This would be the start to the horrific events that are the Salem Witch Trials. . The horrors executed throughout the Salem Witch Trials were achieved because of politics, puritans religion, hierarchical disorder, blackmail, and teen angst.

Analysis Of The Book Where The Wild Things Are

Many dictionaries define animals as living things other than human beings or plants. However, in some dictionaries, there is another definition for animal, which shows how they distinguish animal and human: a live thing which behaves in a wild, aggressive, or unpleasant way. In Maurice Sendak’s Where the Wild Things Are, the behavior of Max, the protagonist of the story, challenges the boundary line between the animal and human. The way human and animal live their life and convey their love severalizes human and animal. Admittedly, the wild and aggressive behavior creates an animal. As human beings, people are given high intelligence to think, learn, and solving problems instead of using brute force and violence like animal. With such a giving, human ascends to the top of the food chain. In Sendak’s comic, Max appears in the monster costume like an animal from both the appearance and the interior. In the first illustration, Max is using the hammer to knock in the nail o n the wall when standing on the books. The hammer is as big as his body and his right arm seems like stretching to release all its power to the hammer when Max’s anger is expressed from his face. Furthermore, standing on the books is the most hostile scene in this illustration. It’s a symbol of Max disdaining the knowledge accumulated from thousand years of human history. The way Max treats his toy is also violent. He suspends it under a hanger with its one arm tied by a string. However, at the end of theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of a Picture Book--Where the Wild Things Are Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesANALYSIS OF A PICTURE BOOK WHERE THE WILD THINGS ARE Written and Illustrated by Maurice Sendak Picture books can have a very important role in a classroom, from elementary school through middle and even high school. They offer a valuable literary experience by combining the visual and the text. 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In addition, it teaches socially relevant skills that generalize to otherRead MoreChanges Throughout The Land : Indians, Colonists, And The Ecology Of New England1177 Words   |  5 PagesThe book Changes in the Land: Indians, Colonists, and the Ecology of New England is written by William Cronon. He gives an interpretation and analyzation of the changes in the plant and animal communities in New England. This took place when there were changes in authority from Indian to European authority. It influenced the lives of Native Americans in terms of society and culture, which lead to major changes in the community. It uses ecological and historian ways to construct an analysis of theRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Into the Wild1669 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary Analysis of Into The Wild Imagine spending thirty days alone in a tent or a cabin in the wilderness with no technology, electricity, running water, and any form of communication. Every day you wake up to the sight of the beautiful, tall trees and the various wildlife living in the area. Most of the time, you can hear the many sounds of nature: the majestic songs of birds, the whistling in the wind, and trees rustling. But sometimes all you can hear is nothing but silence. Most of usRead MoreAnalysis Of Chris Mccandlessness In Into The Wild870 Words   |  4 Pageshis lust for adventure, by tramping around the United States. Rather than living the normal life in civilization, Chris felt his love for nature stated when he abandons his family and lives off the land. Jon Krakauer, the author of Into the Wild wrote the book about Chris McCandless aka Alex Supertramp when he died of starvation in the Alaskan wilderness and made headlines. People around the country voiced their opinion on Chris, some believing him to be brave while others a fool. But rather than

A Freudian Perspective of Marlow in Conrads Heart of...

A Freudian Perspective of Marlow in Heart of Darkness On the surface, Heart of Darkness is the exploration of the African Congo where the explorers are trying to conquer the natives and make a profit in the ivory business. However, there is much more to the short novel written by Joseph Conrad than just the surface. It is also the exploration of the unconscious where the goal is to conquer the unknown. At the same time when Heart of Darkness was surfacing in the 20th century society, a psychologist named Sigmund Freud was publishing his research findings. Freud’s research of the unconscious and Conrad’s journey into darkness is remarkably similar. John Tessitore, a modern critic, says of the similarity, ...it is enough simply†¦show more content†¦The area consists of all the internalized norms, values, and feelings that are taught in the socialization process. The superego brings the social pressures of reality to push upon the id. The superego exhibits society’s restraint on the id. When the id is saying, I want that, the superego is saying, Wait, slow down, think about this for a little bit. Is this right? The superego acts as the mind’s conscience and responds to the social rules. The third and final element in the Freudian mind is the ego. The ego is our conception of ourself in relation to others. This is in contrast with the self-centered id. If one has a strong ego that person feels confident in dealing with others and can accept criticism. To have a weak ego is to need continual approval from others. The ego is very similar to the self-esteem concept. This is the part of the mind that develops from an awareness of social standards and is modified by contact with the social world. The ego is like the mature adult. When the id is saying, I want that and the superego is questioning what is right and wrong, the ego enters the equation and decides what to do. A mature ego will deny immediate pleasure in order to avoid any consequences. What do these three aspects of the mind have to do with Heart of Darkness? More than one may believe. As mentioned before, the journey is not only into the heart of Africa but a journey into the psycheShow MoreRelated Achebe’s Inability to Understand Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Essay3028 Words   |  13 PagesAchebe’s Inability to Understand Conrad’s Heart of Darkness A fierce Achebe radically condemns Conrad as a thoroughgoing racist in his article, arguing that Heart of Darkness is not a piece of great literature, but an offensive and deplorable book (Achebe 1791). He structures his argument around a few central ideas, such as the grotesque perception of the Africans by the protagonist, the antinomy between the Thames and Congo River, the lack of historical fact, and the parallel between the

Salem Witch Trial Hysteria Essay - 818 Words

Twenty people were put to death for witchcraft in Salem during the 1692 Salem Witch Trial Hysteria. In The Crucible, a woman, Elizabeth Proctor, gets accused of witchcraft by a young girl by the name Abigail Williams, who just so happens to be having an affair with Elizabeth’s husband, John. Once John finds out Abigail accused his wife, he starts trying to find proof that all of these young girls are pretending that they are being hurt by these older women, just so that they will be hanged. The officials take Elizabeth and put her in jail, but cannot hang her because she becomes pregnant and she had no idea, so they are not going to harm the innocent child. John Proctor has no evidence that the girls are lying because his house servant,†¦show more content†¦The second cause of the Salem Witch Trials was lying little girls, who just wanted to start some drama. Document C and D states that the girls were acting, which is lying, and once they would say something and get themselves caught in a snare, they would go into a fit like someone was messing with them. Charles W. Upham writes, â€Å"They soon... became intoxicated...by the terrible success of their imposture (acting), and were swept along by the frenzy they had occasioned†¦. Once or twice they were caught in their own snare; and nothing but the blindness of the bewildered community saved them from†¦ well-deserved punishment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Document D). So the girls could of been great movie actors because they had everyone in the town of Salem fooled except for the people that were being accused of witchcraft, but because they were being accused nobody would listen to them, as a result twenty innocent people were killed during this horrible time. Paradoxically, the next cause of the Salem Witch Trial Hysteria of 1692 was lying little girls. The final cause of the Salem Witch Trial Hysteria was jealous girls. Analyzing the table in Document B, shows that most accused were females and they were mostly married. They also happened to be between the age forty-one through sixty. Document B, also shows that the accusers were mainly females that are single and around the ages sixteen through twenty. As a matter of fact, â€Å"TheShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Salem Witch Trials, Hysteria and Religion794 Words   |  4 PagesSalem Massachusetts became the center of a horrible tragedy, which changed the life of many people. It was a hard time, because of the bad crops and diseases. The people in Salem had to blame someone or something. This people accused innocent people by calling them witches. They were accused by having contact with the devil, hurting people, to pinch people on their bodies and more. These actions were result of hysteria. Maybe those extraneous symptoms were result of an illness or bacteria. On theRead MoreWhat Caused the Salem Witch Trials Hysteria? Essay801 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ The salem witch trials hysteria of 1692 was caused by the Puritans strict religious standards and intolerance of anything not accepted with their scripture. The largest account of witch trials as well as deaths by witch trials occurred in Salem, a village heavily populated with the Puritans. Because most of the trials were occurring in Salem, this meant that the accusations were happening among the Puritans themselves, which could very well be anything as long as the Puritans found it as contradictingRead MoreThe Salem Witch Trials : The Biggest Faults Of Mass Hysteria By Fear772 Words   |  4 Pages Crucible Essay Many say the Salem Witch Trials was one of the biggest faults of mass hysteria by fear. The Crucible, a nonfiction play, was written by Author something. The play tells of a group of girls who were dancing in the woods expect Abigail. Abigail was trying to make a charm to kill Proctor’s Wife named Elizabeth because Abigail thinks she is in love with Proctor. Parris finds them in the woods and gets suspicious. This leads to the downfall of the whole town of salem. The posed questionRead MoreThe Effects Of Hysteria In The Crucible1489 Words   |  6 Pagescountless number of elements can be accounted for. Hysteria is a major leader in past and present day society when it comes to how people act and think in different situations. The Crucible provides great examples with how hysteria can affect a group of people. Back in Salem, Massachusetts 1692, hysterics swept the town, creating storms of emotion. Everyone is wondering, what to do? What to think? In The Crucible, Arthur Miller uses the effects of mass hysteria to reveal his purpose of using it in his writingRead MoreHysteria In The Crucible1474 Words   |  6 Pagess behavior and thoughts. 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Judge Danforth, Reverend Parris , and Abigail Williams had the power to stop, and even prevent the trials, but chose not to because they did not care for anyone except themselves. Judge Danforth could have stoppedRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller1700 Words   |  7 Pagesand 1693, Salem, Massachusetts had a huge political conflict over religion. Spring of 1692, was the when witchcraft became the center cause of the Salem Witch Trials, thereafter spreading fear throughout the citizens by questioning their ways of life. Hysteria tortured the people located in Salem for the next year by means of having twenty-three people hung, pressed, or drowned. This essay is the understanding of how witchcraft attempted to cre ate political order in Salem Town and Salem village andRead MoreEssay on The Theories of the Salem Witch Trials1135 Words   |  5 PagesThe Theories of the Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witch trials and what caused them is very debatable. Some theories lead to Rye poisoning from bread to even people faking it. The most believable claim is that people were faking it. Everyone had a motive and they all just wanted to save themselves. It was a time when people were selfish and only cared for themselves. This time in Salem was a troubling time, making it seem likely that satan was active (Linder). The townsfolk are believed to haveRead MorePuritans And The Church Of England1301 Words   |  6 Pageswitchcraft/interacting with the devil, also known as the Salem witch trials. The Salem witch trials began in February 1692 in Salem Village, Massachusetts. It all started with a group of young girls that claimed to be possessed by the devil that started all of the mayhem soon to follow. The allegedly possessed group of young girls began accusing several local women of witchcraft; the town broke out into mass hysteria. (Salem Witch Trials, 2011) As a strongly religious community, fear of the devilRead MoreReasons : The Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials741 Words   |  3 Pagesarrested in Salem, Massachusetts. All but one of these people were believed to be witches (Background Essay). Prior to the hearing in Salem witch trials were carried out in several different towns. â€Å"In 17th century New England witchcraft was a serious crime (Background Essay).† Two girls aged nine and 11, Betty Parris and Abigail Williams, identified a slave name Tituba and two other local women as witches. This led to the accused women being carted off to jail starting the Salem Witch Trials. Without

Law Civil Wrongs and Criminal Offenses

Question: How Does the Law Distinguish Between Civil Wrongs and Criminal Offenses? Answer: Speaking in general terms, it can be said that crime is something that involves condemnation from the community and the State prescribes the punishment in the case of a crime. While on the other hand, in the case of a civil wrong, the wrong is committed against a particular individual who in turn knocks the doors of justice and brings about a civil action asking for compensation for his losses. And it is also against the repayments that are due to him for the wrongs committed against him (Hobartlegal.org.au, 2016). In a legal aspect, prosecution for all crimes is brought by the State, though, in certain instances, private criminal prosecutions take place the number being very low. As far as civil wrongs are in question, the prosecution is necessarily brought about by the person who is affected or who has suffered some harm because of the alleged commission of the civil wrong. A person who is at a loss in a crime holds rights against the accused or the wrongdoer to claim for compensation or losses that he has undergone because of the acts were done against him (Gibson, Beauchamp and Shailer, 2008). However, in most of the instances, initiating a civil suit for recovery of those damages in crimes turns out to be futile, and no recoveries are possible thereon. The victims of crimes often receive criminal injuries compensation wherever a criminal conduct is proved against him thereon it becomes apparent that the offender holds on to no means through which he can satisfy the civil judgments that are initiated against him. There are caps on this (Chambers, Dawkins and King, 2013). The maximum compensation that is available is $30,000 when the matter is for a single offense, and the amount exceeds to $50,000 where there is more than one offense in concern. However, compensation on these terms is not available for any civil wrong. References Chambers, R., Dawkins, K. and King, G. (2013).Criminal law. [Wellington, N.Z.]: Continuing Legal Education, New Zealand Law Society. Gibson, A., Beauchamp, T. and Shailer, G. (2008).Business law and ethics. Sydney: Pearson Education Australia. Hobartlegal.org.au. (2016).Crimes vs Civil Wrongs | Hobart Community Legal Service. [online] Available at: https://www.hobartlegal.org.au/tasmanian-law-handbook/crime/criminal-process/crimes-vs-civil-wrongs [Accessed 17 Oct. 2016].

Fable poetry analysis Essay Example For Students

Fable poetry analysis Essay Fable Analysis Its a poem named Fable. Its a sad story was made by Jason Plinks. It talks about a lonely wolf who fell In love with the first house he saw. After he entered the house, he was eager for the warmth of this house. Unwilling to leave, he stayed from night to the morning until he was beaten to death. It refers to some particular thoughts or feelings, and describes them In symbolic and metaphorical ways. Below, I want to analyze this poem from two points. One of these is what the poets attitude and what linings he wanted to express. Another one is the significance of the poem for the author. In this poem, the author expressed his silent anger toward human beings and his feeling for the pathos of the sensual world by the use of simile and metaphor. From the beginning, a lonely wolf lonelier than the angels means the wolf Is like angels In the sky that are distanced from human beings and feeling lonely with cold surroundings. Why the wolf was lonely? One of possible reasons is that he might have abandoned by his parents. As implied by his loneliness, we can presume e Is eager of being loved. In line 5, the author wrote, He fell In love with the first house he saw. This means the house itself is not only symbolic of warm and safety, but also of company and love. Besides, we can imagine the authors disappointment toward humanity, as In line 10. The author wrote, Apart from God nobody ever found them so beautiful. This suggests people are so hideous that only God would love them. On the other hand, the author described the wolf as both child-like and a beast which are completely opposite qualities. It Implies that the readers assume the elf is dangerous, but in reality, he is child-like, so that we can find the phrase child-like beast more powerful when linked to the final line as people were capable of beating a child to death. Whereby the ending, the author expressed his silent anger toward human beings and his feeling for the pathos of the sensual world by showing the wolfs pure personality which is love and wonder of the human world but was beaten to death. This poem Is the reflection of the authors own. Which reveals the authors attitude toward the world is helpless. Consider the authors aground, we can comprehend why he wrote such a poem. Jason Pillions was a Hungarian poet. Born In Budapest In 1921, he was conscripted Into the army during World War 2, and spent the last year of the war in various prison camps in Germany and Austria. What he suffered during the war and in the camps was something he subsequently struggled with for the rest of his life. The wolf of this poem actually represents himself. Even with innocence and love, he still experienced the cruelty of the war, Just like the child-like wolf whom did nothing wrong but was beaten to death In the end. We can feel that the spirit of his poetry aspires to the most naked and helpless of all confrontations. His anger toward the world is the silence of that moment on the suffering, after the cry. So that it reflects his helpless attitude toward the world. In conclusion, through this poem, we can sense the feeling of sadness the author toward the world after suffering from the war. The poem makes us aware of silent anger, like its name Fable, which is a short story teaching us a moral lesson, with warning. Fable which is worth revealing line by line to enhance its potential to shock.

Research Proposal on Deforestation Research Paper Example

Research Proposal on Deforestation Paper Deforestation is the process of the cutting down of forests for various purposes. Forests are cut down, because people require more territories for agriculture, cattle, more the building of towns, villages and roads. Moreover, the problem of deforestation appears under the effect of the natural influence, for example, storm, flooding, draught, fire, acid rains etc. But it is obvious that all these problems are caused by the human activity. So, the key reason of deforestation is not the simple logging of wood, but the neglect of planting new trees on the place of the cut down ones. As a result, the territory becomes free of trees which can cause the problem of deserting, when great open territories with poor soil are substituted with deserts. The problem of deforestation is extremely urgent nowadays, because nearly every country destroys vast territories of its forests and uses these territories for their purposes causing serious problems for the natural environment. Deforestation causes serious problems which affect nature, human life and well-being badly. Cutting down forests people reduce the quality of the air, as trees are the main producers of oxygen. The quantity of nitrogen rises and the quantity of oxygen reduces, which causes the greenhouse effect and a range of diseases. Then, deforestation causes soil erosion, because trees protect soil from the power of the wind, and when the place is open, wind simply blows down the soil and the territory becomes a desert. Finally, forest is a home for the great number of animals and plants, most of which are today are nearly extinct. Destroying forests people kill animals and affect flora and fauna badly. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Deforestation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Deforestation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Proposal on Deforestation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The problem of deforestation is extremely urgent, because forests are cut down intensively. A range of international organizations try to protect forests, especial rain forests of South America but their success is very poor. If a student wants to prepare a good deforestation research proposal, he should study the problem in detail and persuade the reader in the importance of the topic. The purpose of the research proposal is to introduce something new into the topic under research and convince the professor, that your ideas are valuable enough to write a great research paper on it. Many students do not know how to complete a persuasive piece of writing correctly, so they apply for help in the Internet. It is easy to find a good free sample research proposal on deforestation written by an expert and improve your writing skills and knowledge on the topic seriously. Nearly every free example research proposal on deforestation is useful to understand how to format the paper well and how to create a proper logical structure for the paper and finally how to analyze the topic well. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research proposal on any topics you need. Your research paper proposal will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research proposal help at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all proposal details:

How to Start Scholarship Essay Samples

How to Start Scholarship Essay SamplesIt is extremely important to consider how to write a scholarship essay when you are applying for college. Scholarships that do not require you to write an essay can be quite daunting, but this is not an impossible task. You should take the time to learn how to effectively write a scholarship essay in order to be awarded your scholarship money.The first step in how to start scholarship essay samples is to determine which type of essay you will be writing. There are multiple types of essay that you can choose from when applying for scholarships. Your school may have a specific requirement, such as choosing between a narrative and an analytical essay. Regardless of what type of essay you choose to write, there are tips and guidelines that you should follow in order to submit your essay.A writing sample is a common piece of advice that students use to help them improve their essay writing skills. Writing samples help you to become familiar with diffe rent styles of writing, and even how to use different words and techniques. If you follow the guidelines outlined in writing samples, you will be able to write a scholarship essay that will be accepted by the college you are applying to.The key to writing a scholarship essay is to go beyond the normal instructions given to students. College students have to go beyond the textbook or research paper in order to be successful at creating a unique scholarship essay. Students should also remember that their essay should be able to be read by the person awarding the scholarship, as well as other college administrators and advisers.The next step in how to start scholarship essay samples is to plan out your outline. Before you begin writing your essay, it is essential that you have a clear outline in order to know where to start and to avoid any problems that could arise later on. If you do not have a good outline, your scholarship essay may become boring and tedious and will not help you b ecome successful at winning the scholarship.While writing an essay is not something that should be easy, it is important to remember that some basic things should always be taken into consideration. For example, the style of writing should be done carefully and professionally. You should not be sending a manuscript that using old words, grammar, or spelling.If you cannot write an essay, you should not apply for one. While there are scholarships that allow students to write them, there are also many that require students to write them from scratch. Scholarship essay samples should not be written by students who are uneducated in writing, as these students may lose the opportunity of getting the scholarship.If you are not a high school student, you should consider a student assistant program to help you get through college. This will allow you to spend more time learning how to write scholarship essays, as well as how to deal with high school assignments. Writing a scholarship essay c an be challenging, but students who are willing to put in the time will find that it is well worth the effort.

Duty To Protect Vs. Duty To Warn When Dealing With Dangerous Clients Essays

Duty To Protect Vs. Duty To Warn When Dealing With Dangerous Clients Essays Duty To Protect Vs. Duty To Warn When Dealing With Dangerous Clients Essay Duty To Protect Vs. Duty To Warn When Dealing With Dangerous Clients Essay About every mental wellness professional has faced the hard undertaking of holding a client at one clip or another that may present a danger to themselves or person else. This state of affairs can show a struggle at times for healers and others who are torn between continuing client confidentiality and protecting others from possible injury. Fortunately, there are legal processs in topographic point for covering with this sort of quandary. The downside to this, nevertheless, is that the legal guidelines are non ever the same in each legal power. Being cognizant of the specific methods for and legal duties for covering with these sorts of state of affairss within each specific province is the duty of the practician, and can be hard for healers who may pattern in more than one province or who relocate their offices from one province to another after a period of clip. However, cognizing a small spot of background about the responsibility to warn and the responsibility to protect and the instances that led to the infliction of these legal responsibilities can assist steer healers and other mental wellness professionals in implementing ethical schemes for covering with these sorts of fortunes. The legal constructs of responsibility to warn and responsibility to protect were foremost introduced in 1976, with the instance of Tarasoff V. Regents of the University of California. This instance established that healers are obligated to inform an identified 3rd party of possible danger if a client indicates that he or she may harm another person. However, a big figure of provinces besides have a rigorous set of guidelines for put to deathing the responsibility to warn in that there must be grounds of the possibility of serious danger or injury, the injury is really likely to happen, and that the targeted person has been clearly identified. While the responsibility to warn refers specifically to advising a possible 3rd party of the at hand danger or injury, the responsibility to protect has broader deductions. With the responsibility of protect, which is an option merely in some provinces or legal powers, the healer still has the legal duty to protect a 3rd party from danger but can make so through a assortment of options such as hospitalization, more strict outpatient therapy, or other methods of intercession that still enable the healer to keep client confidentiality. While the responsibility to protect is a preferable method of covering with these sorts of state of affairss among mental wellness attention professionals, this signifier of statute law is merely in topographic point in 24 provinces, with an extra nine provinces runing under this responsibility due to imposed tribunal determinations in territory or regional tribunal systems. Exceptions to the responsibility to warn can be seen in a figure of cases when the general populace is concerned. In most state of affairss, healers are under no duty to warn the general populace about the hazard of danger from one person, even if a menace is noted. The deductions of this exclusion are peculiarly of importance when it comes to the menace of transmittal of HIV and other contractible diseases. In most provinces it is already illegal to knowingly infect another individual or group of people with HIV. However, healers are non lawfully obligated, and even discouraged from, warning the general populace about the hazard of transmittal of HIV from a wittingly septic client. In this case, client rights and confidentiality would predominate. Another case where the responsibility to warn and the responsibility to protect are of importance is when it comes to the menace of kid maltreatment. In many provinces, healers and other professionals are obligated to describe when a kid may be in danger or is being harmed, frequently without respect to client confidentiality or an duty to farther supply extra intercession or intervention to the client. However, the job that is seen in many provinces or state of affairss is that there are no clearly defined guidelines as to how terrible the injury has to be in order for a healer to transgress confidentiality. While most statute law specifies that there must be a clear and immediate danger, the definition of this can be construed otherwise by many people and at different times. For illustration, spanking could be perceived as some to be a clear and immediate danger to kids, while to others, the menace would hold to be much more terrible in order to go against client confidentiality i n favour of protecting a kid. While it is clear that there are many legal duties that healers have to warn others about possible dangers and to protect clients and others from injury when the demand arises, the trouble in put to deathing many of these responsibilities frequently lies in equivocal guidelines in many legal powers. Often, it is an ethical determination that each single practician must do based on their ain rules, the Torahs within their specific legal power, and their perceptual experience of the manner the jurisprudence is defined and the specific state of affairs.

The Poisoning Needle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Poisoning Needle - Essay Example ter 1987, a similar unanticipated and unexpected accident happened in a range of restaurants in Canada located around the Prince Edward Island (Larner 2008, 203). In a matter of few hours, hundreds of people became severely ill after eating the cultured blue mussels in the restaurants. It was not an ordinary food poisoning accident. It was much more than that as it caused short-term memory loss in many of the victims. Symptoms were far more serious and diversified than what are caused by food poisoning. â€Å"Vomiting, cramps, diarrhea, and incapacitating headaches were followed by confusion, loss of memory, disorientation, and (in severe cases) seizures and coma† (Senese 2010). The accident caused death of three elderly victims. It was the result of a strange syndrome that was named â€Å"amnesic shellfish poisoning.† There was a strong need to identify the cause of accident in order to prevent further accidents of the like. Therefore, the Department of Fisheries and Ocean (DFO), Canada quickly formed a team of chemists and marine biologists to carry out the research and identify the toxic agent (gov.pe.ca 2004). It was a very cumbersome job, as the team was entitled to identify a toxic agent from among thousands of chemicals present in the blue mussels and to top it all, they were unaware of the properties of the strange toxic agent as they were yet to be found. A strategy based on the divide-and-discard process was adopted to identify the toxic agent. The experiment was conducted over mice and the samples causing the mice to display strange behavior were collected and processed further. The staged and organized process adopted by the team to identify the toxic agent is shown in the figure below: Presence of the same domoic acid in the small fish eaten by the birds gone crazy in 1961 and in the blue mussels consumed by people in 1987 caused two of the strangest accidents in the history. After an extensive research, it was found that domoic acid was present in a

Instructional Technology Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Instructional Technology Paper - Essay Example Specialized programs have facilitated the conduct of test that give valuable feedback on which to base further teaching schedules. This aspect - technology as an aid to testing - is discussed by Neal Starkman in a feature entitled 'Special Consideration' in the November 2007 issue of the periodical 'The Journal'. The present system of testing followed by most schools across the country is to give a comprehensive, all-encompassing test at the end of the school year. Students get this 'one-shot' opportunity to prove their worth. This can be quite intimidating for students, leading to a pressure to perform that can be quite stressful. Most students cannot cope with this kind of pressure, which reflects in their overall scores as well as on the schools record. Year end tests, being of necessity standardized in nature, also fail to assess individual skills that a child may possess, as they have to be administered to the entire class. Although slight variations exist in the form of semester tests or quarter wise testing, the concept is essentially the same. Students are administered a standardized test and have to wait for the papers to be corrected before they can learn their scores. This is usually in the form of a report card in which the student is also ranked in relation to his peers. Individ ual strengths and weakness are overlooked in this from of testing. This advent of technology that enables frequent, individualized testing makes the old system irrelevant. Schools that have embraced technology have shown substantive improvements in their results. One of the examples discussed by Starkman is of the Oklahoma City's 'Westwood Elementary School'. The school discovered that "one-size-fits-all tests"(Starkman) did not present an accurate view of students abilities. The school therefore introduced a variety of assessment programs such as Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS), Gates-MacGinitie Reading Tests, Accelerated Math and Edusoft software in order to conduct frequent individual tests. The benefits of electronic testing are manifold. Not only do they determine a student's strengths and weaknesses but also suggest the direction future instruction should take, which can be a big help to a teacher. Moreover, since such tests are easy to conduct, they can be given as often as required so that students and teachers get feedback throughout the school year. The school's principal, Jan Borelli who introduced this technology in the school transformed the school from a low performing school to one in which, "student s scored in the top 10 percent on the Oklahoma Core Curriculum Tests" (Starkman). Some critics say that the school is going overboard by having far too many tests, but the results speak for themselves. Similarly, other schools that have introduced technology in their assessment methods are also reporting dramatic increases in student scores. Introduction of the A+nyWhere Learning System in one school resulted in a two-grade equivalent increase in reading standards. There are many factors behind this including accountability and the fact that students get immediate feedback. Moreover, a computer program merely gives the result. It does not judge or comment on the result and is thus not perceived by the students as a threat to their self esteem - the computer, "[is] not giving them attitude... [Students are] not worried about what their

Evaluate Is Acceptance Model Essay Example for Free

Evaluate Is Acceptance Model Essay There are many models have been developed to understand the factors affecting the acceptance of computer technology such as Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) (Fishbein Ajzen, 1975, Ajzen Fishbein, 1980), Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) (Ajzen, 1985, 1991), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis, 1989), Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) (Taylor Todd, 1995), and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (Venkatesh et al., 2003). TRA proposes that individual beliefs influence attitudes which will create intentions that will generate behavior. There are two major factors that determine behavioral intentions which are the person’s attitude toward the behavior and subjective norms. Attitude toward the behavior refers to the person’s judgment that performing the behavior is good or bad according to his or her belief. While the subjective norms are a function of normative beliefs that reflect the person’s perception of social pressures put on him or her to perform or not to perform the behavior in question. TRA model TPB is an expansion of the TRA. TPB includes the construct, perceived behavioral control to measure and account for the extent to which users have complete controls over their behavior. Perceived behavioral control relates to the extent to which the person believes that she or he has control over personal or external factors that may facilitate or constrain the behavioral performance. TPB model TAM pioneered by Davis advances the TRA by postulating that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEU) are key determinants that lead to the actual usage of a particular technology or system. Perceived usefulness is the degree to which an individual believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her productivity while perceived ease of use is the degree an individual believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. TAM model DTPB was formulated through combination of both TAM and TPB, which was intended for providing better understanding of behavioral intention by concentrating on the factors that are likely to impact systems use. This model explores dimensions of subjective norms and perceived behavior control through decomposing them into particular belief perception whilst constructs from the innovation characteristics has also been regarded as the basis of DTPM formulation. DTPB also offer a clearer understanding of behavior and behavioral intention by giving detailed information about impacts of normative and control beliefs over system usage. DTPM model UTAUT had synthesized the eight prominent user acceptance models including the TRA, TAM, the motivational model (MM), TPB, a model combining the technology acceptance model and the theory of planned behavior (C-TAM-TPB), the model of PC utilization (MPCU) (Ronald et al., 1994; Thompson Higgins, 1991), the innovation diffusion theory, and the social cognitive theory (SCT) (Compeau et al., 1999 and Compeau Higgins, 1995). This model was formulated with four core determinants of intention and usage including performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence and facilitating conditions and also with up to four moderators of key counting gender, experience, age and voluntariness of use. However, the authors argue that in order to strengthen this model, the culture also need to take consideration since different culture can affect the acceptance behavior among user towards the computer technology. UTAUT model There are more theories that had been developed and many variables had used to evaluate the IS/IT acceptance rate. For example, the interactive model of technology acceptance and satisfaction (IMTAS) which integrate the user satisfaction with and user acceptance of IT. This model expands user satisfaction and user acceptance into SME sector simultaneously as two basic constructs of system usage behavior (as the key measure of IT success) while addresses specific characteristics of SMEs such as resource constraints, management method and direct interaction of SME users with external environments. Base on this model, user satisfaction can be influenced by user involvement, system quality, and information quality. High quality of information and system enable the user to produce good decision making, hence, increase the user satisfaction. However, user involvement is the key determinant of user satisfaction since high user involvement allow the user  involve in major area of the system which this give the user opportunity to enjoy most of the benefits of the system. User satisfaction will increase the usage of the system and the usage will be even higher if the system has high user friendliness. Another key determinant that influence the system usage in SMEs is user computer competence. User computer competence can be enhance through providing training by assuming that assistance of SMEs’ external environment have a crucial impact on the success of newly implemented IS by increasing SME user acceptance and satisfaction since SMEs are typically suffering from lack of resources such as internal expertise, knowledge and user skills. The training can influence the perceived ease of use and perceived of usefulness among user, hence, influence the user attitude and intention which than influence the actual usage of a system in SMEs.

Sarah Jeannette Duncan’s A Mother in India Essay -- essays research pa

Sarah Jeannette Duncan’s A Mother in India Patriarchal Victorian Men Create Monstrous Victorian Women 706 Words   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A Mother in India, as a story depends on the facade of appearance and the reality of emotional abandonment within a male dominated & Victorian society. Duncan’s point is that Victorian men create monstrous Victorian women. Relationships of any emotional worth are rendered impossible between Helena and her daughter Cecily because of a life long separation imposed by the father. It is impossible for Helena to be Cecily’s emotional or spiritual mother because Helena is not emotionally equipped to be anything else other than a servant to her husband. Her life has been pre-arranged by a series of male allowances and dictates. Helena and Cecily’s relationship must be emotionally void to work within the shallow, materialistic pre-arrangement of their lives. Helena has nothing to offer her daughter but the emptiness that she’s acquired over her lifetime.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Helena has spent her life in an emotional vacuum. When Helena is forced to draw on emotional experience for her daughter’s sake she finds immature childish emotions are all she has. Cecily is as a doll to Helena that does not live up to its warranty upon close scrutiny. She recoils from the situation looking with repugnance at her alien possession. Cecily is frequently referred to as an it as opposed to my daughter by Helena. Cecily is also frightened by...

Incident Response Essay

The emergency services (Police, Fire and Ambulance) have to respond to all emergency situations, but they have different roles and responsibilities and they have graded response policies. All emergencies are graded by the call handler according to the information from the caller and not by the way the incident is reported. If a caller dials 999 believing an incident is an emergency the call handler will assess the information and then decide whether it is top priority or if the incident does actually require an emergency response. Call handlers work under the supervision of team managers and incident managers. The standards of fire cover all fire services in the United Kingdom and were set originally in the 1930’s but were established in 1958 by the Home Office. They were more clearly defined and revised in 1974 and again in 1985. Fire risk assessment, until the current year, has been based upon this guidance, which consists of a prose description of the risk categories and a formula designed to determine a points rating or fire grading of premises. When the risk category of an area had been determined, the criteria set by the Home Office demanded that the fire service response to emergency calls, met minimum requirements in terms of speed and weight of attack. Grading of incidents by the Fire service is split into 5 categories: Category ‘A’ Built up areas in large cities containing large commercial and industrial premises or high rise property where there is a strong chance of fire spread. The recommended minimum first attendance was three pumps, two to attend within five minutes and one within eight minutes, to be achieved on at least 75% of occasions. Category ‘B’ Refers to large cities and towns with multi-storey buildings, including large areas of residential housing as well as industrial estates with high-risk occupants. The recommended minimum first attendance was two pumps, one to arrive within five minutes and the other within eight minutes, to be achieved on at least 75% of occasions. Category ‘C’ Refers to the outskirts of larger towns and the built-up areas of smaller towns and extensive areas of residential dwellings such as terraced houses  and semi-detached houses, blocks of flats as well as light industry/commercial properties. The recommended minimum first attendance was one pump within eight to ten minutes, to be achieved on at least 75% of occasions. Category ‘D’ Consisting of rural property, villages and farms and all areas that do not come under categories A-C. The recommended minimum first attendance was one pump within 20 minutes, to be achieved on 75% of occasions. Rural and remote is a separate category and has no pre-determined response time. The majority of Merseyside (91%) is classed as C or D risk. http://www.gloucestershire.police.uk/foi/Information%20Classes/Policies/item11547.pdf Grading of incidents by the police in England and wales are graded as ‘emergency ‘or ‘non-emergency’ in four grades. Grade 1 is the emergency response. An emergency contact will result in immediate police response. It involves circumstances where an incident is reported to the police which is currently taking place and there is a risk of danger to life, the use or immediate threat or use of violence or serious injury to a person or property. Criminal conduct will be dealt with as an emergency if the crime is going to be serious and is in progress, an offender has just been disturbed at the scene or the offender has been detained and there is a high risk that he is a threat to the general public. When the incident involves traffic collision it will be classed as an emergency if it involves or is likely to involve serious personal injury and also if the road is blocked due to the collision and if there is a dangerous or excessive build up of traffic. Also if the call handler who takes the call feels strongly that the incident should be classed as an emergency. The urban response time for this Grade is 10 minutes and the rural response time is 17 minutes. Grade 2 is classed as a Priority response. The call handler feels that the incident is important or urgent but does not need an emergency response. This could include incidents such as a concern for someone’s welfare, an offender has been detained but is not a threat to anyone, a road traffic accident that has injuries or has caused a serious obstruction, a witness may be lost or a person is suffering distress and is believed to be vulnerable. Resourses for a Grade 2 incident should be sent as soon as is safely possible and  within 15 minutes. Grade 3 is classed as a scheduled response. This is when the needs of the caller can be best achieved by scheduling a response. This could be when the response time is not critical when apprehending offenders or a better quality of policing can be given if it is dealt with by a scheduled response by a police officer or even by that person attending the police station. Incidents should be resolved to satisfaction level of caller as soon as possible and must be within 48 hours of first call. Grade 4 is classed as Resolution without deployment. This is used when an incident can be re solved through telephone advice, help desk, frequently asked questions or other appropriate agencies or services. The caller is advised of an agreed call-back time and to be as soon as possible and within 24 hours. Grading of incidents by the Ambulance Service are placed in three categories, this grading also applies to urgent calls from GPs and other health professionals, as well as calls from the general public. Category A is Priority. This is when an incident is considered to be immediately life-threatening examples are when a person is suffering with chest pains/cardiac arrest, unconscious/fainting or has breathing problems. The response time for a category A is within 8 minutes or less. Category B is where an incident is serious but not immediately life-threatening, examples are when someone has fallen or has serious bleeding, a sick person with no priority symptoms or overdose/poisoning. The response time for category B is within 14 minutes in urban areas and within 19 minutes in rural areas. Category C is when an incident is not serious or life-threatening, examples when someone has fallen over and assistance is required, and a sick person with a range of non-serious conditions such as d iarrhoea or someone with abdominal/back pains. In 2000 the Driving Standards Agency (DSA) became responsible for assessing the training and standards of all drivers who drive emergency response vehicles which are fitted with blue lights and sirens. When talking to other agencies the DSA drew up the Blue Light Users Working Party Expectations Document. This document contained a list of the expectations that drivers of emergency response vehicles should meet before being allowed  to drive these vehicles. This document was accepted by the three main emergency services (police, fire and ambulance). This document includes performance criteria and knowledge and consists of these three elements. All emergency drivers need to be over the age of 18 and in good health also must not have any motoring convictions against their name and this is checked every three years. Element one is the ability to assess the need for an emergency response. Element two is the ability to drive the vehicle safely to emergencies and element three is the ability to show the correct attitude when responding to emergencies. Police Service Drivers have to meet the standards set by the DSA but the police service also have their own driving centres. At the driving centres police are trained and graded according to National Training Standards, which is then approved by the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO). The type of driver training depends on the job role of that police officer. Police drivers can be graded as Standard response drivers, advanced drivers or pursuit drivers. Advanced drivers and pursuit drivers have intense training and they use high powered vehicles and advanced techniques for responding quickly and safely to emergencies. Fire Service Drivers The fire service also has its own driver training centres where drivers are trained to the standards met by their Fire Authority. To drive an Emergency Fire Appliance drivers must hold a Large Goods Vehicle (LGV) Licence and have received the necessary training and assessments. Only then can they be allowed to drive when responding to emergency situations provided the vehicle is fitted with audible/visual warning devices. Ambulance Service Drivers need to hold C1 (medium sized vehicle) and D1 (minibus) licences and receive the appropriate training by the DSA. Although some Ambulance Services especially in London state that ambulance drivers must hold a LGV licence. Ambulance driver training and assessments are usually carried out by independent driver training centres and not the Ambulance Service. Drivers of emergency vehicles also have to understand that bad driving can cause accidents. Drivers of emergency vehicles are not above the law even when attending emergencies they have to show that whilst going to an emergency they drove with care and attention and did not drive in a dangerous way, if they were foun d to have driven dangerously then they can be prosecuted in the same way as a member of the general public can. Also if the driver is convicted of a  serious traffic offence they may be disqualified from driving both emergency and privately owned vehicles. To reduce the danger to themselves and the general public the drivers of emergency vehicles must use their sirens and blue flashing lights to warn other road users as well as pedestrians and cyclists that their vehicle is responding to an emergency. Flashing blue lights and sirens should only be used when attending emergencies although police drivers can use flashing blue lights and sirens when attempting to stop another driver. Drivers of emergency vehicles have to follow the same traffic laws as everyone else, but when using flashing blue lights and sirens they are exempt from a number of motoring rules which means they can go through a red traffic light, pass to the right of a keep left sign, drive on a motorway hard shoulder even against the direction of the traffic and not follow the speed limit. The Highway Code is a book of rules which all drivers have to abide by the Highway Code makes no special rules for the emergency services other than for members of the general public to listen for the sirens and look for the blue flashing lights and to let them pass safely but still taking notice of all traffic signs. During unsociable hours consideration is given to the use of sirens especially around residential areas, unless conditions are bad and they need to use their siren. Blue lights would only be used as they are visible to road users at night. When there is an advantage to a silent approach then driving is altered and speed reduced. Members of the Public service are often judged harshly from the public, when it comes down to the pursuing of stolen vehicles. Although the public services do a good job when they pursuing stolen vehicles or on their way to an emergency incident there have been cases where their have been incidents where it has affected the public services. Example At 11.20 on the 19th of May 2008, Haley Adamson a 16 year old school girl was struck by a police car going 70mph whilst she was crossing a road in a residential area in Newcastle which had a 30mph speed limit. Hayley died immediately from the impact of the police car. The police car was being driven in pursuit of a vehicle that had just been registered on the police number plate recognition system. At the time of the incident the driver Pc